46. Permutations

https://leetcode.com/problems/permutations/

Given a collection of distinct integers, return all possible permutations.
Example:
Input: [1,2,3]
Output:
[
  [1,2,3],
  [1,3,2],
  [2,1,3],
  [2,3,1],
  [3,1,2],
  [3,2,1]
]
---
Related problems
47-permutations-ii
78-subsets
90-subsets-ii
39-combination-sum
---
class Solution {
public List<List<Integer>> permute(int[] nums) {
List<List<Integer>> ans = new ArrayList<List<Integer>>();
// faster lookup over set contains or list contains
boolean[] visited = new boolean[nums.length];
dfs(nums, visited, new ArrayList<Integer>(), ans);
return ans;
}
private void dfs(int[] nums, boolean[] visited, List<Integer> prefix, List<List<Integer>> ans) {
if (prefix.size() == nums.length) {
ans.add(new ArrayList<Integer>(prefix));
return;
}
for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
if (visited[i]) {
continue;
}
prefix.add(nums[i]);
visited[i] = true;
dfs(nums, visited, prefix, ans);
// Backtrack
prefix.remove(prefix.size() - 1);
visited[i] = false;
}
}
}